Health Savings Accounts (HSAs): What Consumers Should Know

What is a Health Savings Account (HSA)?

An HSA is a tax-free savings account that’s paired with a high-deductible health insurance plan to pay for routine medical expenses. Think of it as a 401(k) for health care.

How does an HSA work?

Each year, you decide how much to contribute to your HSA. The money in the account is put toward the deductible. Once the deductible is met, the insurance kicks in to cover any additional costs – just like a traditional insurance plan.

HSA account holders receive a debit card or checks connected to their HSA balance to pay for deductibles, co-pays, and other eligible medical expenses. Funds withdrawn for non-medical expenses before the age of 65 are subject to a penalty.

Any unused funds roll over from year-to-year and earn interest.

With HSAs, the individual owns the account —– not the employer, even if they contribute to it. That means you can take your HSA with you should you change jobs.

Do I Qualify for an HSA?

An employer may offer HSA-qualified insurance as an employee benefit. Others may select HSA-qualified plans from their state exchanges via the Affordable Care Act. You can also get an HSA through your financial institution.

You are eligible for an HSA as long as you do not have other disqualifying coverage, like a Flexible Spending Account (FSA), Medicare, Medicaid or TRICARE. You also cannot be claimed as a dependent on another person’s tax return.

HSA Limits

The IRS sets the minimum deductible, maximum contribution and maximum out-of-pocket cost for HSAs each year.

Contribution and Out-of-Pocket Limits for Health Savings Accounts and High-Deductible Health Plans
	2023	2022	Change
HSA contribution limit (employer + employee)	Self-only: $3,850 Family: $7,750	Self-only: $3,650 Family: $7,300	Self-only: +$200 Family: +$450
HSA catch-up contributions (age 55 or older)	$1,000	$1,000	No change
HDHP minimum deductibles	Self-only: $1,500 Family: $3,000	Self-only: $1,400 Family: $2,800	Self-only: +$100 Family: +$200
HDHP maximum out-of-pocket amounts (deductibles, co-payments and other amounts, but not premiums)	Self-only: $7,500 Family: $15,000	Self-only: $7,050 Family: $14,100	Self-only: +$450 Family: +$900

Source: IRS, Revenue Procedure 2022-24.

HSA Tax Advantages

There are four tax advantages unique to HSA accounts:

Contributions to HSAs are deductible to you, regardless of the source;
Interest or investment gained on the account isn’t subject to tax;
Funds can be withdrawn to pay for qualified medical expenses without being taxed; and
After the age of 65, you can withdraw funds for non-medical expenses without being subject to a penalty (however, they will be subject to income tax).